Abstract:  This article seeks a framework applicable to analysing planning in the context of shrinkage. Our preliminary observation is that shrinking cities tend to lean toward pro‐growth planning instead of actively planning for shrinkage. This seems to apply even in cities where shrinking is a politically accepted phenomenon, and even if growth‐dependent planning approaches have been claimed to fit poorly in contexts of shrinkage. Could understanding the liaisons between planning justification and relation to growth help explain why planning tends to lead towards growth even in a context of shrinkage? This article links cultural theory‐informed planning approaches with planning justification and their relation to growth. In the context of shrinkage, growth‐dependent planning approaches easily become economically unviable and politically contested due to increased inequalities. Planning approaches that lack a clear connection to growth can provide nonmonetary benefits to the local community, help to accept the shrinking reality, and encourage awareness of unexpected opportunities. The suggested framework aims to deepen the understanding of polyrationality in planning approaches through the lenses of justification and growth. It is worth noting that when planning is justified in terms of growth, it can ultimately become growth‐oriented, even if its stated objective is non‐growth.

Keywords:  cultural theory; planning approach; planning justification; shrinkage; urban growth

Published:   15 April 2026

Issue:   Vol 11 (2026): Left-behind Places or Spaces of Possibilities? Shrinking Cities as Foregrounds for Urban Transitions